Biology – Branch of science in which living beings are studied.
Bios = Life & Logos = Study. Therefore study of life is called Biology.
The term biology was first coined by Lamarck and Treviranus in the year 1801.
Biology has two main branch-
- Botany: Study of different aspects of plants. Theophrastus is known as father of Botany.
- Zoology: Study of various aspects of animals. Aristotle is called father of Zoology as well as Biology.
Important Terms of Biology :
>> Anatomy: Study of internal structure of organism
>> Agrology: Soil science dealing specially with production of crop.
>> Agronomy: Science of soil management and production of crop.
>> Agrostology: Study of grass.
>> Arthrology : Study of joints.
>> Apiculture : Rearing of honey bee for honey.
>> Anthropology : Study of origin, development and relationship between the culture of past and present human.
>> Anthology : Study of flower and flowering plant.
>> Angiology : Study of blood vascular system including arteries and veins.
>> Andrology : Study of male reproductive organ.
>> Bryology : Study of Bryophytes.
>> Biometrics : Statical study of Biological problem.
>> Biomedical engineering : Production and designing of spare part for overcoming various defects in man. e.g. Artificial limbs, Iron lung, Pacemaker etc.
>> Biotechnology : Technology concerned with living beings for willful manipulation
on molecular level.
>>Bacteriology : Study of bacteria.
>> Cytology: Study of cell.
>> Cryobiology: It is the study of effect of low temperature on organisms and
their preservation.
>> Clone: Clones are genetically identical individual in a population.
>> Cardiology: Study of heart.
>> Demography: Study of heart.
>> Diffusion: Random movement of molecule/ ion or gases from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration.
>> Dermatology: Study of skin
>> Dendrochronology : Counting and analysing annual growth rings of tree to know its age.
>> Ecology: Study of inter-relationship between living and their environment.
>> Evolution: Study of origin of life, variation and formation of new species.
>> Embryology: Study of fertilization of egg, formation of zygote and development of embryo.
>> Eugenics: Study of factors connected with the improvement of human race.
>> Euthenics: Study of environmental condition that contribute to the improvement of human beings.
>> Euphenics: Treatment of defective in heredity through genetics engineering.
>> Ethnology: Study of science dealing with different races of human.
>> Ethology: Study of animal behaviour in their natured habitats.
>> Etiology: Study of causative agent of disease.
>> Entomology: Study of insects.
>> Exobiology: Study of possibility of life in space. lo anr
>> Floriculture: Cultivation of plant for flower.
>> Food technology: Scientific processing, preservation, storage and transportation of food.
>> Forensic science: Application of science for analysis of various fact and evidence to identify the cause or the person involve in criminal act.
>> Fishery: Catching, breeding, rearing and marketing of fishes.
>> Forestry: Development and management of forest.
>> Fermentation: Process of incomplete oxidation that occur in microbes and other cells in absence of oxygen, leading to the formation of ethyl alcohol.
>> Genetics: Study of variation and transmission of heredity character from parents to their young ones.
>> Genetic Engineering: Manipulation of gene in order to improve the organism.
>> Gynecology: Study of female reproductive organ.
>> Gerontology : Study of ageing.
>> Gastroenterology : Study of alimentary canal or stomach and intestine related disorders.
>> Hypertonic : When two solution have different solute concentration. The solution which have higher concentration is called hypertonic.
>> Hypotonic: In two solutions which have lower solute concentration is called hypotonic.
>> Homeothermic: Animals who have constant body temperature are called homeothermic or warmblooded animal.
>> Histology: Study of tissue organisation and their internal structure with the help of microscope.
>> Hygiene: Science taking care of health.
>> Hydroponics: Study of growing plant without soil in water which contain nutrient.
>> Haematology: Study of blood.
>> Hepatology: Study of liver.
>> Ichthyology: Study of fishes.
>> Immunology: Study of immune system or resistance of body to disease.
>> Kalology: Study of human beauty.
>> Metazoans: All multicellular animals are called metazoans.
>> Monoecious: Plants which have both male and female flower
>> Morphology: Study of external structure.
>> Microbiology: Study of micro-organism like virus, bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa.
>> Molecular biology: Study of molecule found in the body of living organism.
>> Medicine: Study of treating disease by drug.
>> Mammography: Branch of science which deal test for breast cancer.
>> Mycology: Study of fungi.
>> Myrmecology: Study of ant is called myrmecology.
>> Mixed farming : Farming along with animal husbandry.
>> Nutrients: Chemical substances taken as food which are necessary for various function, growth and health of living.
>> Nanotechnology: The study ‘Science of small’ is known as nanotechnology.
>> Neurology: Study of nervous system.
>>Neonatology: Study of new born.
>> Nephrology: Study of kidneys.
>> Osmosis: Movement of water molecule across semipermeable membrane from the region of its higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.
>> Odontology: Study of teeth and gum.
>> Osteology: Study of bones.
>> Oncology: Study of cancer and tumours.
>> Obstetrics: Science related with care of pregnant women before, during and after child birth.
>> Ornithology: Study of birds.
>> Ophthalmology: Study of eyes.
>> Orthopaedics: Diagnosis and repair of disorder of locomotery system.
>> Phytoplankton: Microscopic organism which passively float on the surface of water.
>> Parasite: Organism which depend on other living organism for their food and shelter.
>> Poikilothermic: Organism which change their body temperature according to surrounding. These are also called cold blooded animal.
>> Pigment: A substance which absorb light of certain wavelength like chlorophyll found in green leaves.
>> Paleontology: Study of fossils.
>> Physiology: Study of function of various system of organism.
>> Pathology: Study of diseases, effects, causable agents and transmission of pathogens.
>> Pomology: Study of fruit and fruit yielding plant.
>> Psychiatry: Treatment of mental disorders.
>> Psychology: Study of human mind and behaviour.
>> Pisciculture: Rearing of fishes.
>> Phycology: Study of algae.
>> Paediatrics: Branch of medicine dealing with children.
>> Parasitology: Study of parasites.
>> Pharmacology: The science which deal with drugs.
>> Photobiology: Effect of light on various biological processes.
>> Phylogeny: Evolutionary history of organism.
>> Physiotherapy: Treatment of body defects through massage and exercise.
>> Radiology: Science dealing with the effect of radiation on living beings.
>> Rhinology: Study of nose and olfactory organs.
>> Sonography: Study of ultrasound imaging.
>> Saurology: Study of lizards.
>> Serology: Study of serum, interaction of antigen and antibodies in the blood.
>> Sphygmology: Study of pulse and arterial pressure.
>> Taxonomy: Study of classification, nomenclature and identification of organism.
>> Telepathy: Communication of thoughts or ideas from one mind to another without normal use of senses. In other word this is the process of mental contact.
>>Veterinary Science: Science of health care and treatment of domestic animals.
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